What is Cyber Threat Hunting?
Cyber threat hunting is a proactive approach to identifying and mitigating threats that have infiltrated an organisation’s network. Unlike traditional security measures, which rely heavily on automated tools and alerts, threat hunting involves manual and semi-automated techniques to uncover hidden threats. According to SANS, threat hunting is a focused and iterative approach to searching out, identifying, and understanding adversaries within the network.
Why is Cyber Threat Hunting Needed?
The necessity of cyber threat hunting arises from the evolving threat landscape, where cybercriminals employ sophisticated methods to bypass conventional security measures. Automated systems, while essential, can miss complex threats that adapt and morph to evade detection. This was evident in the 2023 SolarWinds attack, where sophisticated nation-state actors managed to infiltrate and remain undetected within several high-profile networks for months. Such incidents underscore the importance of a proactive approach to security, where the goal is not just to respond to threats but to anticipate and prevent them.
In another instance, the 2022 attack on Nvidia, a leading technology company, revealed the attackers had infiltrated the network, stole data, and even threatened to release sensitive information unless their demands were met. This breach highlighted the limitations of traditional security measures and the critical need for proactive threat hunting to identify and neutralise threats before they escalate.
The Evolution of Cybersecurity: The Role of Blue Teaming
Traditional cybersecurity strategies have focused on defensive measures such as firewalls, intrusion detection systems (IDS), and antivirus software. These tools form the backbone of what is known as “blue teaming” – the practice of defending against cyber attacks and securing an organisation’s IT environment. While blue teaming is crucial for maintaining a secure baseline, it often involves reacting to threats that have already penetrated the defences.
Blue teams are responsible for implementing and managing security measures, monitoring systems for signs of intrusion, and responding to incidents. However, the increasing complexity of cyber threats necessitates a shift towards a more proactive stance. This is where cyber threat hunting comes into play, complementing blue teaming efforts by actively seeking out and identifying threats before they can cause significant harm.
Key Benefits of Cyber Threat Hunting
- Early Detection of Advanced Threats: By proactively searching for threats, organisations can detect and mitigate advanced persistent threats (APTs) and other sophisticated attacks that automated systems might miss. For instance, the 2022 attack on Okta, a major identity and access management company, was discovered through proactive threat hunting efforts, which helped mitigate the damage and prevent further exploitation.
- Reducing Dwell Time: The time an attacker remains undetected within a network is known as dwell time. Shortening dwell time is critical for minimising the impact of a breach. According to the 2023 Mandiant M-Trends Report, proactive threat hunting can significantly reduce dwell time, allowing organisations to respond more swiftly to intrusions.
- Improving Incident Response: By identifying indicators of compromise (IOCs) and understanding the tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs) used by attackers, threat hunters can enhance incident response efforts. This proactive approach helps blue teams to refine their detection and response strategies, improving overall security posture.
The Intersection of Threat Hunting and Blue Teaming
While threat hunting and blue teaming are distinct practices, they are highly complementary. Blue teams benefit from the insights and intelligence gathered through threat hunting, which can be used to strengthen defences and improve detection capabilities. Conversely, threat hunters rely on the foundational security measures implemented by blue teams to provide the necessary data and context for their investigations.
A collaborative approach between threat hunters and blue teams ensures a more robust and comprehensive security strategy. For example, in the aftermath of the Colonial Pipeline attack in 2022, the collaboration between threat hunters and blue teams was crucial in identifying the root cause of the breach, containing the threat, and implementing measures to prevent similar incidents in the future.
Cyber threat hunting is an essential component of a modern cybersecurity strategy. By proactively seeking out and mitigating threats, organisations can significantly reduce their risk of data breaches and other cyber incidents. The collaboration between threat hunters and blue teams ensures a robust defence against the ever-evolving cyber threat landscape.